Unlike the research papers you have written so far, a literature review requires you to identify research questions that you want to explore and then find ACTUAL RESEARCH (not written opinions) that may lead you to the answers to your questions. PLEASE NOTICE that I didn't use the verb, support. Research questions are unbiased. Research questions should read "What are the effects of using social media in high school social studies courses?" NOT "What are the benefits of using social media in high school social studies courses?"
The reviewer is using these questions to explore the literature to see what has been researched to lead towards answering these questions.
You have identified a question and will search the literature for answers. Once you have reviewed the literature, you will tell your reader about what you have found. You are guiding them through the stories(research) that you have discovered on your exploration.
Writing the Literature Review: Knowing what and why you write a literature review is important. Here is an overview by David Taylor at the University of Maryland. He is actually presenting it in the context of using the lit review as part of a larger document, but it is good description.
What IS a Literature Review
You have heard David Taylor's Description of a Literature Review. Here is another WONDERFUL 9-minute video entitled Literature Reviews: An Overview for Graduate Students. It is directly written for you . . . the graduate student.
This video reveals the multiple places where a Literature Review can be found. It can be found in the introduction of a report on research. This literature discussion creates a foundation for the research by describing what has already been accomplished. Some literature reviews are meant to stand alone so that a reader can acquire an overall understanding of the field.
You Are the Storyteller
The best metaphor that I have found for explaining how to write literature reviews is that of someone telling you the story of a town by telling the stories of the people who live there. A great example of such a story is Our Town. I am sure that many of you either performed-in or saw your friends/children present Our Town in high school. This is a story where the narrator takes the viewer on a tour of their town by telling stories about the people in the town.
Watch this 1940 video of Our Town. It is a 2-hour story that you might enjoy as evening entertainment (and homework too.) If 2-hours is too long for your busy schedule, then watch at least the first 30 minutes to get the sense of what I am saying about telling a story.
This is not just for your entertainment. It includes telling the story of Grover's Corners, New Hampshire. You might say that it is a Grover's Corners Review. As you watch this video, keep track of the "main topics" that are covered. Look for indicators of the validity of the items discussed. Consider how the "main topics" intertwine.
Now Read chapter 1 of Pan's book, Preparing Literature Reviews to get an overall understanding of what a Literature Review is and how it must be written.
Review the Literature Review 1 in the back of the book as well (p. 135 - 136). The labels may vary but how does it fit the overall structure?
Return to the Assignment page to see what happens next.
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